MAIA 空气传感器在亚的斯亚贝巴的应用

图注：这个安装在埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴屋顶上的空气传感器，是美国国家航天局（NASA）的多角度气溶胶成像仪（MAIA）用于研究该市空气质量的 10 个传感器之一。MAIA 的空气传感器提供了对直径 2.5 微米或更小的颗粒物（即 PM2.5）的详细观测，这是全球最致命的空气污染（air pollution）形式之一。

Description

黑碳，即烟尘，是亚的斯亚贝巴颗粒物污染的重要组成部分，由柴油车辆、火灾和其他燃烧源产生。来自 MAIA 空气传感器的详细测量结果揭示了污染如何随一天中的时间和季节而变化，包括由高峰时段交通和节日庆典引起的污染峰值。这些发现与包括美国在内的世界各地城市息息相关。

This roof-mounted air sensor in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, is one of 10 used by NASA’s Multi-Angle Imager for Aerosols (MAIA) to study the city’s air quality. MAIA’s air sensors provide a detailed look at particulate matter that is 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter, also known as PM2.5, one of the world’s deadliest forms of air pollution.

论文中引用的《2025 年全球空气状况报告》估计，这些颗粒物中有些小到足以进入人体血液循环，每年在全球范围内导致约 490 万例超额死亡。在多种 PM2.5 中，黑碳尤其与低出生体重、大脑发育、呼吸系统疾病和过早死亡的影响有关。

Black carbon, or soot, is an important component of particulate pollution in Addis Ababa and is produced by diesel vehicles, fires, and other combustion sources. Detailed measurements from the MAIA air sensors reveal how pollution changes by time of day and season, including spikes produced by rush-hour traffic and holiday celebrations. The findings are relevant to cities around the world, including in the United States.

The 2025 State of Global Air Report, cited in the paper, estimates that these particles, some of which are tiny enough to enter the human bloodstream, are linked to around 4.9 million excess deaths per year globally. Of the many kinds of PM2.5, black carbon in particular has been linked to impacts on low birth weight, brain development, respiratory conditions, and premature mortality.