Asgard/NOTT 消零干涉仪性能分析：优化高对比度探测的观测模式

本文评估了即将应用于甚大望远镜干涉仪（VLTI）的 Asgard/NOTT 消零干涉仪的三种光束组合方案。研究通过模拟分析了不同观测模式在探测外星黄道尘及木星时的性能权衡，并提出了一种综合观测策略以提高探测的稳健性。

arXiv:2608.13737v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We evaluate the performance of three beam-combination schemes, single-Bracewell, asymmetric dual-Bracewell, and symmetric dual-Bracewell, for the forthcoming Asgard/NOTT nulling interferometer at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer. Utilizing the SCIFYsim end-to-end simulator, we assess the instrument's performance by deriving the precision of calibrated null measurements as a function of stellar magnitude and simulating observations of varying hot exozodiacal dust (HEZD) distributions and a hot Jupiter. The study reveals distinct trade-offs for each observing mode. The single-Bracewell mode provides high throughput and preserves spatial information but suffers from poor error suppression. The asymmetric dual-Bracewell mode offers the strongest error suppression for detecting point-like sources, but it inherently suppresses symmetric astrophysical signals such as expected from HEZD. The symmetric dual-Bracewell mode provides a middle ground with modest error suppression while being sensitive to symmetric emission. We conclude that utilizing a combination of all three observing modes provides a robust strategy for detecting HEZD, constraining the structure of its distribution, and identifying false positives from stellar companions.