2+1维有质量相对论性量子场（quantum field）的模拟实验

本文利用二维原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态中的自旋分量，实现了对2+1维有质量相对论性量子场的模拟。该研究通过正弦-戈登模型观测到了包括拓扑畴壁在内的非微扰现象，为研究宇宙学相关过程提供了新途径。

arXiv:2603.08840v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Quantum field theories provide fundamental models of complex interacting systems, from high-energy physics and cosmology to condensed matter. However, solving these models in non-perturbative and dynamical regimes is often challenging, particularly in more than one spatial dimension. Analog simulation using tunable synthetic quantum systems can both verify existing theoretical predictions and lead to new physical insights. Here, we realize analog simulation of massive relativistic quantum fields in $2+1$ dimensions (two spatial dimensions and time), using two coherently coupled spin components in a uniform two-dimensional atomic Bose--Einstein condensate. Specifically, we encode the paradigmatic sine-Gordon model in the long-wavelength modes of the field describing the relative phase, $\phi$, of the two components. In the perturbative regime, collective field excitations exhibit a relativistic dispersion with a tunable mass gap. We also observe explicitly non-perturbative phenomena, including the existence of topological domain walls across which $\phi$ rapidly winds by $2\pi$. Our work opens possibilities for studies of cosmologically relevant phenomena including preheating, dynamics of topological defects, and relativistic false-vacuum decay.