阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米波阵（ALMA）对参宿四（Betelgeuse）的高分辨率观测：跨越内层大气的持久结构

本文利用ALMA对红超巨星参宿四进行了高分辨率观测，旨在探究其内层大气的结构与时间稳定性。观测结果显示，参宿四的光球层存在持久的温度不均匀性，且其结构在过去七年间保持相对稳定。

arXiv:2608.19339v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The extended atmosphere of red supergiants (RSGs) forms an important link in the process of mass loss and the subsequent enrichment of the interstellar medium. Large-scale convection is thought to play a significant role, which is likely to result in irregularities in the surface. High resolution, high contrast sub-mm images of Betelgeuse - one of the closest RSGs - are used to probe the structure and temporal stability of the inner 1-2$R_\star$ of its atmosphere. Using ALMA in the longest baseline configuration, continuum emission and lines of SiO and CO and their isotopomers were observed at $\lambda$0.6-1.4mm, giving beamwidths down to 7mas at the shortest wavelengths. These were compared with a similar observation taken at 0.9mm approximately 7 years earlier. The observed continuum emission arises mostly from an optically-thick mm/sub-mm photosphere of radius 1.1-1.3$R_\star$ with a relatively constant temperature of $\sim$2300K, but with two hotter patches to the NE and SW. The brightest of these has a temperature enhancement of $\sim$800K, and its location and intensity appears relatively unchanged since the 2015 observation. The sub-mm photosphere shows deviations of up to $\pm$ 6% in radius, with weaker continuum extending out to $\sim$2.5$R_\star$ - similar to