职业聚焦：机械师（14-18岁）

机械师是做什么的？

What does a mechanic do?

机器和发动机无处不在。从汽车、船只到飞机，甚至是火箭，一切动力都源于它们。机械师是精通机械运作原理（尤其是发动机）并懂得如何修理它们的专家。

Machines and engines are all around us. They power everything from cars and boats to airplanes and even rockets. Mechanics are experts who know how machinery works, especially engines, and how to fix them.

提到机械师，你可能会想到修理汽车的人。但机械师可以是各类机械领域的专家。

When you think of a mechanic, you might picture someone working on cars. But mechanics can be experts on all kinds of machinery.

机械师在美国国家航天局（NASA）从事哪些不同的工作？

What are some of the different types of work mechanics do at NASA?

在NASA，机械师履行着多种职能。例如，航空机械师负责维护在位于加利福尼亚州爱德华兹的NASA阿姆斯特朗飞行研究中心（Armstrong Flight Research Center）进行研究的飞机。这些飞机可能包括用于环境研究的研究型飞机，或是测试新型机翼设计的实验性飞行器。

At NASA, mechanics perform a variety of functions. For example, aerospace mechanics maintain the airplanes studied at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. These might include research planes studying the environment or experimental aircraft testing new wing designs.

在位于佛罗里达州的NASA肯尼迪空间中心（Kennedy Space Center），机械师负责确保履带式运输车（crawler-transporters）等机器处于最佳工作状态。这些庞大的机器负责将火箭从组装大楼运送到发射台。

At NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, mechanics keep machines like the crawler-transporters in top working condition. These massive machines carry rockets from the building where they are assembled to the launch pad.

该机构位于新奥尔良的米丘德装配厂（Michoud Assembly Facility）的机械师，负责确保用于运输大型火箭部件的驳船队得到维护并随时可用。几十年来，这些大型船舶一直被用于将火箭部件运送到NASA的各个中心进行测试和发射。

Mechanics at the agency’s Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans ensure the fleet of barges used to carry powerful rocket sections are maintained and ready to use. These large ships have been used for decades to carry rocket parts to various NASA centers for testing and launches.

我该如何成为一名机械师？

How can I become a mechanic?

有很多途径可以提供成为机械师所需的培训。不同类型的机械师需要不同类型的培训和认证。以下是几个例子。

There are many options that provide the training needed to get started as a mechanic. Different types of mechanics require different types of training and certifications. Here are a few examples.

汽车机械师：汽车机械师是汽车和卡车内部互联系统的专家。在获得高中毕业证书或同等学力证书（GED）后，可以寻找设有机械师培训项目的职业学校或技术学校。这些学校提供实践经验。在特定类型的汽车上工作可能需要进一步的培训。认证可以帮助你提升特定技能并证明你的专业能力。

Automotive mechanic: Automotive mechanics are experts at the interconnected systems in cars and trucks. After getting a high school diploma or GED, seek out trade or technical schools that have mechanic training programs. These provide hands-on experience. Further training may be required to work on specific types of automobiles. Certifications can help you advance specific skills and demonstrate proficiency.

重型设备机械师：重型设备机械师的职业道路通常始于两年制学位。可以在当地社区学院或技术学校寻找相关项目。高中毕业后立即开始工作的机会也是存在的。你可以从基础任务做起，或者通过与资深机械师搭档来积累技能。大多数重型设备机械师在参加认证和执照考试前，会经历三到四年的实践培训。

Heavy equipment mechanic: The path to a career as a heavy equipment mechanic often begins with a two-year degree. Look for a program at your local community college or technical school. Opportunities to begin working right after high school are also available. You may start by doing basic tasks or by being paired with a senior mechanic to build skills. Most heavy equipment mechanics go through three to four years of hands-on training before taking certification and licensing tests.

飞机机械师：维护和修理飞机需要特殊的技能组合。社区学院和技术学校提供经美国联邦航空管理局（Federal Aviation Administration）批准的项目。这些项目可以加快你的职业发展进程。它们提供实践经验，并帮助你为获得认证所需的考试做好准备。

Aircraft mechanic: Maintaining and repairing aircraft requires a special skillset. Community colleges and technical schools offer programs approved by the Federal Aviation Administration. These programs can fast-track your route to a career. They provide hands-on experience and help you prepare for tests needed to receive your certifications.

对于许多机械师职位来说，服兵役也是获得培训和认证的一种途径。

For many mechanic roles, military service is also a way to get training and certifications.

我今天该如何为成为机械师做准备？

How can I start preparing today to become a mechanic?

在高中阶段，选修数学、科学和工业技术课程。查看你所在学校可能提供的任何职业和技术教育项目。阅读维修手册并寻找在线教程，以了解机器工作原理的基础知识。

In high school, take courses in math, science, and industrial technology. Check out any career and technical education programs your school might offer. Read repair manuals and look for online tutorials to figure out the basics of how machines work.

你也可以通过兼职工作获得有用的经验。在当地的修理厂寻找工作或见习机会。

You can also gain useful experience through part-time work. Look for jobs or shadowing opportunities at your local repair shop.

开始研究培训项目、社区学院和学徒机会。比较各种选择，看看哪条路径适合你。这将帮助你了解项目要求，并确保你已准备好迈出下一步。

Begin researching training programs, community colleges, and apprenticeship opportunities. Compare options to see which pathway seems right for you. This will help you understand program requirements and ensure you’re ready to take the next step.

成为一名成功的机械师需要什么技能？

What skills will I need to be a successful mechanic?

机械师必须善于解决问题。对复杂机械进行故障排除需要逻辑思维和耐心。注重细节对于确保测量准确和符合安全规范至关重要。

Mechanics must be good problem solvers. Troubleshooting repairs on complex machinery requires logical thinking and patience. Being detail-oriented is critical to make sure measurements are correct and safety specifications are met.

跟上最新技术也很重要。机械师使用计算机设备和电子传感器进行诊断。随着电动汽车和无人机等新技术的出现，机械技术可能会迅速演变。保持主动，保持好奇心。

Keeping up with the latest technology is important, too. Mechanics use computer equipment and electronic sensors to run diagnostics. And machinery technology can evolve rapidly with new advancements like electric vehicles and drones. Take initiative and stay curious.

Wissam Habbal

Wissam Habbal

飞机机械师，阿姆斯特朗飞行研究中心

Aircraft Mechanic, Armstrong Flight Research Center

更多资源

Additional Resources

- 机械工程技术员职业展望：薪资、教育、就业前景及更多（来自美国劳工统计局）

- Occupational Outlook for Mechanical Engineering Technicians: Pay, Education, Job Outlook, and More (From the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)

- 飞机机械师职业展望：薪资、教育、就业前景及更多（来自美国劳工统计局）

- Occupational Outlook for Aircraft Mechanics: Pay, Education, Job Outlook, and More (From the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)

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