太阳活动极大期的活动穴：嵌套磁通量涌现如何主导耀斑活动并构建日球层

本文利用多视角观测研究了第25个太阳活动周极大期内活动穴的形成及其对太阳耀斑活动和磁场的影响。研究发现，大部分太阳耀斑源自南半球的少数活动穴，且这些区域内磁场复杂的活动区更为常见。

arXiv:2608.26315v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-viewpoint observations from near-Earth satellites and ESA's Solar Orbiter enable a global view of the Sun. This continuous coverage is essential for characterising active nests. We investigated how the formation of active nests during the maximum of solar cycle 25 affected the Sun's flaring activity and large-scale magnetic field. Active nests were identified from their persistent activity in Carrington coordinates. For each nest, we monitored the evolution of their photospheric magnetic field, extreme ultraviolet emission, and associated solar flares. Their impact on the solar corona was explored through potential field source surface extrapolations and coronagraph observations. These results were then compared with in-situ measurements of solar wind speed and magnetic field polarity. During 156 days of global monitoring in 2024, nearly 80% of all solar flares originated from three active nests in the southern hemisphere. Two of the nests converged over several months, colliding with a burst of activity in October 2024. The third nest was linked to the emergence of NOAA active region AR13664 in May 2024. Magnetically complex NOAA active regions were more prevalent within active nests. During 2024, 28% of the 147 nested active regions were complex, compared to just 16% of