由轴子类粒子辅助相变产生的原初磁场起源与引力波

本文探讨了早期宇宙中强一级相变如何同时产生可观测的随机引力波背景和原初磁场。研究基于轴子类粒子框架，分析了其在不同螺旋配置下的场强与相干长度，并指出这些信号与现有伽马射线耀变体观测数据及未来空基干涉仪的探测能力相符。

arXiv:2604.20768v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Sufficiently strong first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) in the early Universe can simultaneously produce an observable stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) and a large-scale primordial magnetic field (PMF). The recent $3.8\sigma$ evidence for a non-zero intergalactic magnetic field from anisotropic pair-halo searches using \textit{Fermi}-LAT data further motivates a cosmological origin. We investigate an FOPT-origin of both cosmic signatures, namely, PMF and SGWB, and their correlation, within a minimal axion-like particle (ALP) framework in which a global $U(1)$ symmetry is spontaneously broken through radiative corrections, with the ALP sector coupled to the Standard Model (SM) via a Higgs-portal. We compute the present-day PMF amplitude and coherence length for both maximally helical and non-helical configurations, accounting for inverse cascade effects. For maximally helical configurations, we find peak field strengths up to $B_0 \sim 10^{-9}$ G at coherence length $\lambda_0 \sim 10^{-3}-10^{-1}$ Mpc, consistent with lower bounds on the IGMF inferred from blazar observations by MAGIC, H.E.S.S. and {\it Fermi}-LAT. We show that the ALP parameter region consistent with $\gamma$-ray blazar data (assuming maximally helical fields) simultaneously produces stochastic GW signals detectable at future space-based interferometers, such as LISA, etc., over the ALP decay constant range $10^3~\text{GeV} \lesssim f_a