先进空中交通（AAM）项目全国性系列测试活动

先进空中交通（AAM）项目全国性系列测试活动

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) Project’s National Campaign Testing Series

什么是全国性系列测试活动？

What is National Campaign?

从城市地区的空中载客与货运，到基础设施巡检任务，先进空中交通（AAM）生态系统提供了全新的能力，催生了日益广泛的商业应用与使用机遇。然而，新技术的应用也伴随着新挑战，将高度自动化和远程驾驶的飞行器集成到国家空域系统（NAS）中便是如此。为了提升公众信心并帮助社会各界了解在城市、郊区、农村和区域环境中开展安全高效的AAM运行所需条件，美国国家航天局（NASA）与联邦航空管理局（FAA）及行业合作伙伴共同开展了一系列“全国性系列测试活动”。全国性系列测试（NC）帮助NASA识别了AAM面临的障碍，验证了现有技术水平，并为飞行器、空域及地面基础设施的设计与集成提供了参考。

From air taxiing passengers and cargo in urban areas, to infrastructure inspection missions, the Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) ecosystem offered newfound capabilities which have led to an increasing range of commercial applications and opportunities for use. However, with new technologies come novel challenges, which is the case for integrating highly automated and remotely piloted aircraft into the National Airspace System (NAS). To promote public confidence and help the community understand what it takes to conduct safe and efficient AAM operations in urban, suburban, rural, and regional environments, NASA collaborated with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and industry partners to conduct a series of “National Campaigns”. The National Campaign (NC) testing series helped NASA identify AAM barriers, validate the state of the art, and inform the design and integration of vehicle, airspace, and ground infrastructure.

基于其在载人飞行器空中交通管理方面的深厚积累，以及在NASA无人机系统交通管理（UTM）项目成功中的关键作用，空域运行实验室（AOL）主导了全国性系列测试中AAM生态系统的集成与测试工作，这些工作为确定空域集成需求提供了依据，从而支持在NAS中实现安全、高效且可扩展的AAM运行。

Building on its legacy of work in air traffic management for crewed aircraft and its key role in the success of NASA’s Unmanned aircraft systems Traffic Management (UTM) efforts, the Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL) led the integration and testing of the AAM ecosystem for the National Campaign that helped inform airspace integration requirements to enable safe, efficient, and scalable AAM operations in the NAS.

目的与研究方法

Purpose and Research Approach

本研究旨在解决信息需求并提供经验教训，为FAA在AAM的安全、认证、运行及空域集成方面的政策决策提供参考。主要目标包括：

The purpose of this research was to address information requirements and provide lessons learned to inform FAA policy decisions on safety, certification, operations, and airspace integration aspects of AAM. The main objectives included:

- 展示基于NASA UTM架构的空域系统架构

- Demonstrating an airspace system architecture based on NASA’s UTM construct

- 制定飞行程序指南

- Developing flight procedure guidelines

- 评估通信、导航和监视方案

- Evaluating communication, navigation and surveillance options

- 收集乘客和社区对飞行器地面噪声、客舱噪声及机上乘坐体验的初步评估

- Collecting initial assessments of passenger and community perspectives on vehicle ground noise, cabin noise, and on-board ride quality

空域运行实验室在全国性系列测试（NC）中的角色

Role of the Airspace Operations Lab in the National Campaign (NC)

在模拟和飞行测试期间，AOL作为系统集成的运行基地，整合了来自AOL类UTM架构、NASA航空系统部门以及测试场地面基础设施的系统与软件。该项工作的部分成果包括用于操作员协商的自动化技术、空中交通服务协调工具、显示系统开发以及人因工程评估。

During simulations and flight tests, the AOL served as the base of operations for systems integration, which incorporated systems and software from the AOL UTM-like architecture, NASA’s Aviation Systems Division, and test range ground infrastructure. Some of the outcomes of this work included automation technology for operator negotiations, air traffic service coordination tools, display development, and human factors evaluation.

活动

Activities

在2年的时间里，AOL与政府及行业合作伙伴共同参与了7次全国性系列测试飞行试验。以下是该工作的部分亮点。

Over the course of 2 years, the AOL participated in 7 National Campaign flight tests, alongside government and industry partners. Below are a few highlights of that work.

全国性系列测试（NC）与合作伙伴Joby Aviation进行了首次全电动垂直起降（eVTOL）飞行器飞行测试。

National Campaign (NC) and partner Joby Aviation conduct first ever flight test with all-electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft

空域运行实验室为全国性系列测试测试了一套全新的移动运行设施（MOF）。

The Airspace Operations Lab tests out a new Mobile Operations Facility (MOF) for National Campaign.

空域运行实验室为全国性系列测试的后续飞行测试提供支持。

The Airspace Operations Lab supports the Follow On Flight Test for National Campaign.